Renewable energy: the ancient solar thermal to hydropower 
Since a few days ago I came into controversy with the local leaders of the Democratic Party and the Communist Refoundation, which have
publicly declared with a certain arrogance (on Facebook, other sites of newspapers and print media) want to create panels of citizens to fight the oil palm biomass, considering the source of dangerous poisons to public health, demonstrating their embarrassing ignorance label, it would be good to make a clear picture of renewable energy recognized by the European community and currently in use.
Preamble
The ecological movements share largely international legal standards applied by the European community. European countries are generally respectful of Community law, with the exception of Italian governments, especially those Berlusconi, who, with the aim of protecting the interests of its lobby, do not care about the accuracy: so the penalties for infringement does not pay them with money but those with their taxes on citizens.
Unlike other European countries, Berlusconi governments of the last fifteen years has legislated very little to promote renewable energies, indeed, thinking that the future of energy may be the only nuclear power plants, even sabotage other innovative initiatives, including the prestigious scientists. Only by supporting the creation of energy through all the technologies recognized by the European Community (the central water plant to fuel) particularly in helping to put power in networking, in particular small businesses and households, I think it is possible to reach the condition of not needing nuclear power plants to meet the national demand. In any case, if there are sort of stumbling on the path of nuclear power, only between a ten years Italy could boast to begin to address the energy needs MISUSE technology. Yet France, the only country in the world in recent decades had invested heavily on nuclear power, is now gradually abandoning this fruitless and dangerous alternative, moreover, in line with all the technologically advanced nations of the West: Nuclear power, by contrast, is saying in those Asian countries, primarily China and India, where the neo capitalism knows no brakes or corrections.
Italian governments make choices wicked in silent assent of the Italian people. Perhaps only here in this state that hosts the most powerful storm of the Vatican State, in of the eight major industrial nations, there is an appalling ignorance about ecology and renewable energy. The schools if they continue to teach children and youth in the age of the development of ethics and morality, the Catholic Christian religion - that is a fair amount of precepts, however, arose in a context, in a civilization to craft farm economy, very valid for companies archaic and pre-industrial - continue to raise a people completely unable to understand not only the society in which he lives, but also lacks the flexibility of mind that leads people to reject the divine providence and to take upon themselves, on their bodies democracy , the choices of a future real.
Renewable Natural
begin with a definition of
"renewable energy". They are forms of energy generated from sources that they feature are not exhaustible and therefore always renew themselves in nature, such as sun, wind, motion of water, the heat of the Earth. The main feature of these natural sources is not to cause air, if not insignificant because of the useful technology for their exploitation.
The market for renewable energy technology is strong and growing mainly in countries such as Germany, Spain, the United States and Japan. The challenge is to broaden the market base for continued growth throughout the world. The dissemination strategy not only reduces energy costs for citizens, but helps to alleviate the heavy pollution of the planet. Renewable energies are not shown in the oldest hydroelectric
, which have the advantage of long duration (many are in operation for over 100 years) and almost completely ineffective secondary pollutants. This energy was fundamental to the creation and distribution of electricity in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Today is coming back into vogue, especially in rapidly developing Asian economies.
Geothermal energy is accessible only in limited areas of the world, including the United States, Central America, Indonesia, East Africa, the Philippines, Italy. The cost of this energy is reduced drastically compared to the technological systems built in the 70s.
Solar , by means of panels that capture the sun's heat and produce hot water for domestic or industrial uses.
Photovoltaics , by means of panels that produce energy for their own use or for sale to the national grid. Currently the world's largest photovoltaic power plant located at Amareleja, Portugal: a power of 46 MW, is able to meet the needs of 30,000 homes and has a technology that allows the panels to turn around the direction of movement of the sun, just as the sunflowers. Alas, in Italy the largest photovoltaic power plant is located in Montalto di Castro, with only 6 MW of power
.
In 2007 the U.S. began the first marketing of solar panels manufactured with nanotechnology, which are still cheaper than current solar cells.
But
wind based sul'antico principle of the windmill, to be indisputably the technology cheaper. It is expected that already at the end of this year can come to touch the 2% share of coverage of global demand for energy. Denmark is at the forefront, since 20% of its energy comes from wind, in contrast with the miserable
Italy 0.5%. Other renewables fall in renewable energy including energy derived from biomass and biofuels. These other energy sources, like natural, I have listed, because if they do not develop in an insignificant production of carbon dioxide (responsible for ozone depletion and the resulting greenhouse effect and global warming) also are encouraged with financial contributions the European community.
Biomass consist of animal products and vegetable. Some sources, such as dead wood, pruning, waste wood processing plant or human, do not need to undergo treatment, such as vegetable scraps or other waste must be processed in a digester in the absence of oxygen, in order to obtain biogas. The use of biomass, which has the problem of a moderate calorific value (about half the coal), has a positive heroes only if used in self-sufficient system for the feeding of their companies, and not marketed. Suffice it to say that if you wanted the food to biomass generation plant Porto Tolle power (4 groups of 660 MW) would be necessary to exploit an area equal to 75% of agricultural land in the Veneto. The EROI (acronym) is the convenience, the ratio of costs used for energy production and energy thus obtained.
Biofuels are made from fermented and appropriate treatment of plants rich in sugar such as sugar cane, beets, corn: ethanol produced in this way can be used as fuel for engines outbreak, instead of gasoline. From vegetable oil seeds such as sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, palm, you can to obtain appropriate treatment and squeezing the fuel for diesel engines to replace diesel. Brazil, which has one of the largest programs for renewable energy in the world, by means of bio-ethanol and ethanol now provides 18% of the global automotive fuel. Having also of substantial oil reserves in this country, integrating the fuel with vegetable oil, recently reached complete self-sufficiency
for automotive fuels. Ford, Daimler AG and General Motors are among the companies producing cars, trucks and vans "flexible-fuel" (a "flexible fuel") that use gasoline and ethanol blends from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). Since mid-2006 have been sold around six million E85-compatible vehicles
United States.
Production of renewable energy in Europe and in Italy
The strongest producer of renewable energy in Europe is Germany, followed by Sweden, France, Spain, Italy. Germany, which is not or 'country or' sun, excels in wind and solar energy: in fact it produces
4 times more of our beautiful country . For a long time and until around the early 60s the Italian energy production was almost completely renewed, thanks to hydroelectric power plants in the Alps. Today, both the increased demand for energy, and because the Italian governments have been unable or unwilling to respond to new large hydroelectric installations, renewables represent only marginal share of production.
In 2006, Italy has produced about 49.4 TWh of electricity from renewable sources, equivalent to
14.5% of the total electricity required, of which 10.7%
from hydroelectric sources , and only a miserable 3.8%
given the sum of geothermal, wind and biomass combustion or waste. A percentage which also includes the plants from incinerators, taken by our governments as renewable energy, in violation of EU rules. With these values, Italy, despite being the fifth largest producer of electricity from renewable sources in the EU is still far provided by the Community objectives, which include the goal of
22% renewable energy by 2010 to reach : the arduous undertaking totally impossible.
future of renewable energy technologies technologies under development, not fully tested or very small market, include advanced biomass gasification, biorefinery technologies, the solar thermal power plants, geothermal energy from hot dry rocks (Hot-dry-rocks), the exploitation of the ocean. According
'IEA , new biofuel technologies, in particular biorefineries for ethanol from cellulose, could allow these energy sources to play a more important role in the global economy. Ethanol from cellulose can be obtained from plant organic matter mainly composed of inedible cellulose fibers that form the stems and branches. The residues of crops (such as corn stalks, wheat straw and rice), wood waste and solid waste citizens are potential sources of biomass cellulose. Crops dedicated to energy production, such as Panicum virgatum
, are promising sources of cells that can be sustainably produced in many regions of the United States. In Portugal it was inaugurated in 2008, the first construction of central waves, and another even bigger was inaugurated recently in Ireland.
The solar thermal power plants would provide energy at night or in bad weather, thanks to a salt-based fluid that, when heated, retains its high temperature (about 550 ° C) a few days without being in contact with its source. The problem of availability of space, could be overcome by building solar plants in the deserts of Africa and distribute energy with the power lines. This technology is already operational in the U.S. since the mid-80s, specifically in California, where the installations of the Solar Energy Generating Systems produce 350 MW in total. In Italy
Carlo Rubbia, Nobel Prize for Physics in 2005 left the presidency of ENEA, as opposed to other scientists and politicians who were not willing to finance the solar thermal concentration. However, in December 2007, the Prodi government has approved a plan Industrial build ten plants from 50 MW in southern Italy. Despite the ratification of the State-Regions Conference, last July, the Berlusconi government has rejected the launch of this important new technology to facilitate the construction of nuclear power plants obsolete. At present, our Nobel Prize is making a
Granada in Spain the design of a solar thermal power cycle power plant using parabolic mirrors, which will give you a complete energy independence.
environmentally sustainable energy for sustainable energy means that energy in order to get it, does not cause significant damage to the environment or public economy. Not all energy sources are completely sustainable: the emblematic case of unsustainable energy is nuclear, where the risks and costs of which are not proportionate to the benefits. For example, the construction of a large hydroelectric power can damage the landscape, or the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide during its construction. The production of palm oil is being opposed by Greenpeace, is found guilty of causing deforestation that multinationals to create new palm plantations
. In this respect it should however be noted that the worldwide product marketing for about 85% of the food chain, while only 15% concerns the transformation in bio fuel, if we focus, the commercialization of bio fuel from palm oil in Italy will find that only about 2%
, while the remaining 98% goes into the food chain in the form of frying oil and sweetener of snacks. It should be noted, however that is still under discussion because it is really possible to meet all the current energy needs of the planet with only the potential energy from renewable sources, such as problems remain regarding the "uncertainty" and "programmable" many sources of renewable energy (particularly solar and wind), which requires a totally new concept of electricity networks.
Le Fonti energetiche fossili Le fonti non rinnovabili, dette anche fossili, sono quelle destinate col tempo ad esaurirsi, poiché si estraggono da fossili destinati ad esaurirsi col tempo, quali il petrolio, il carbone, il gas metano. Con eccezione del metano le altre energie sono fonte di pericoloso inquinamento. L’energia nucleare, che pure non esiste in natura ma si ricava per mezzo di sofisticate tecnologie, anch’essa rientra nelle non rinnovabili o fossili, poiché si basa sull’utilizzo principale dell’uranio, un minerale esauribile, che non si rinnova in natura. Se l’inquinamento del nucleare è sopportabile, non è rassicurante la sicurezza totale di tali impianti, che, nel If a malfunction, can poison the planet also
radiottive waste resulting from the process of splitting the atom, are a gift radioactive plants for generations to leave the coming years and millennia. The WTE
, ie the incineration of mixed waste to create energy, only in Italy is considered renewable, in violation of European Union directives, which they regard as "renewable" energy created exclusively with only the organic part of wastes or with biodegradable waste.
Link Links
- DL ^ 16 March 1999, n. 79, Art. 2.15 GSE-GRTN: "Standard of Reference, list of reference standards, PDF
- ^ source GSE - press release
- ^ Mauritius Pallante , "The use of energy. Theory and practice of negawattora ", ISBN 8833910350
- ^ The European Commission, on 20 November 2003 on the distortion of Community law in Italy in regard to the inclusion of biodegradable fraction of waste as a source of renewable energy, held as follows:
-
- ^ Charles Balducci - The Amiata geothermal (February 18, 2006)
- ^ The dirty secret of hydropower revealed (en) New Scientist , February 24, 2005.
- ^ to b c d and International Energy Agency (2007). Renewables in global energy production: A sheet of events IEA (En) , OECD, 34 pages.
- ^ Solar Water Heating
- ^ air conditioning of buildings seen from the sun
- ^ http:// www.pvresources.com/en/top50pv.php
- ^ Start building the largest photovoltaic power plant in the United States at the Nellis Air Force Base
- ^ Nellis activates the largest array Photovoltaic American
- ^ advances with solar power in Australia The Times, 26 October 2006.
- ^ solar power projects
- ^ Forward silently project of 62 MW PV power plant Renewable Energy Access , November 18, 2005.
- ^ The largest photovoltaic power plant under construction in East Germany
- ^ Il mercato globale dell'eolico continua il suo boom – 2006 un altro anno record
- ^ Crescono le compagnie Europee per l'eolico negli Stati Uniti
- ^ Gli USA e il Brasile si incontrano sull'etanolo Renewable Energy Access , 15 Maggio 2006.
- ^ How to manage our oil addiction - CESP
- ^ The new well brings Brazil oil self-sufficiency Washington Post, April 21, 2006.
- ^ Worldwatch Institute and Center for American Progress (2006). American energy: The renewable path to energy security
- ^ International Energy Agency (2006). World Energy Outlook 2006 page 8.
- ^ Biotechnology Industry Organization (2007). Industrial Biotechnology Is Revolutionizing the Production of Ethanol Transportation Fuel Pages 3 and 4.
- ^ Solar One is ready to launch (en)
- ^ Israeli company leads the largest solar power plant in the world
- ^ Marine Machine Factory in Europe in order BBC News, March 15, 2006.
- ^ segnatamente il contratto con l'del moto energy ondoso BBC News, 19 maggio 2005.
- ^ First park world of waves in Povoa de Varzim
- ^ Orkney to get 'biggest' wave farm BBC News, 20 February 2007.
- ^ World tidal energy first for NI, BBC News BBC News, June 7, 2007.
- ^ Nanosolar ships first panels
- ^ Nanotechnology for solar energy could cut costs by half.
- ^ source Terna - statistics
- ^ Data "GSE" 2007 - Source-GSE-Terna ENEA Statistics renewable
